بررسی کارایی و بیولوژی مگس ‭(Pales murina Mesn.(Diptera:Tachinidae ‬پارازیتویید پروانه برگخوار کنار در استان بوشهر

The Tachinid family is one of the important families belong to Diptera order in biological control. Pales murina Mes. (Dip. : Tachinidae) is a larval parasitoid on Thiacidas postica Walker (Lep. : Noctuidae) in south of Iran. This project was studied by caging individual pairs of adults with food, water , honey and a sprit and branches of box as an oviposition site (Branches with leaves as an oviposition site) . The investigations during 1999-2001, has showed that Pales mwina emerge about 15-25 days before the appearance of Thiacidas postica in nature. The adults mated after appearance at once. The mating period was 0/5 to 5/15 hours. The mating of adults is carried out during 24 hours, especially in morning and afternoon. Eggs were mostly laid on the lower surface of leaves so near to the tip of the sprit. The total number of eggs per female varied from 500 to 950. The per-oviposition period lasted for 15-30 days. Oviposition continues until shortly before the death of the female. But the daily number of eggs laid was highest near the beginning of the period and fell noticeably towards the end of the life span of the female. In the laboratory, the Females oviposited on the walls of the cage, paper and cotton of wettering in honey. Oviposition began during November to December. Eggs (micro type eggs) together with leaves were swallowed by the host. The fourth and fifth instars of host are naturally large enough to ingest whole eggs. The development period in this insect (egg to adults) was 30 to 150 days. The period time of egg to make ofpuparium was 14 to 25 days. The adults were emerged after 10 to 20 days. Therefore the parasitism is carried out in 4 and 5 instars larva of T. postica by P. murina. The number of P. murina larva observed in a host was generally I to 3 and a maximum of 8. The larva of P. murina, after development, left the host body and make puparium near its host. The first oviposition of 2nd generation of T. postica was begun during November and December. The oviposition period until adult emergence were recorded between 30-150 days. The parasite left the host larva about 14-25 days after ingestion of the egg and some of the adults emerge 10-20 days later but some of the parasites larva, stayed in larva body of host for long time. The parasite observed on alternative or the other hosts when T. postica was absent in nature. Primaty parasite, Endoparassite, Koinobions and syn- ovigenic were observed as some oo behavior in P. murina. It was concluded that the physical and bilogical injuries of plants (such as feeding leaves by insects) cause the production of semi, chemical matters that attract parasitoid and predators as well. This condition motivates the P. murina to lay eggs near the larvae activity zone and therefore increase the patasite of pest larvae by laying many eggs on the leaves surface. Key word: Plants murina, Thiacidas Postica, Tachinidae, Noctuidae, Iran, Busher, Ziziphus.

Keywords:

پروانه برگ خوار ‭(Thiacidas postica( Lep.:Noctuidae , ‬بوشهر (استان) , مگس ‭(pales murina(Diptera:Tachinidae , ‬راسته دوبالان , راست بالان ‭orthoptera , ‬پارازیت اولیه , لارو مگس , خرطو مفصلی ‭hemiptera , ‬تاکینیده , ‭multistrigata zeuzera‬