Survey and identification of antibiotics residues in hospital wastewater: A case Study

Antibiotics, as a class of pharmaceutical compounds with huge application in the world, are suspected that their appearance may be speed up resistance spread in the environment, with potential implications on human health. The hospital wastewater is the most challenging environmental problem due to emission of hazardous and resistant drug residues after treatment. In view of antibiotic resistance, the monitoring of antibiotic contamination is very important but is considered as a very asymmetric issue in international level. In global scale, water monitoring and protection programs including antibiotics measurement is necessary, particularly in hospital wastewater. The aim of this study is to obtain analytical data about azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone, andkaletra mean range of effluent samples in February are۲۳.۳±۲.۲۳μg/l,۴.۹۰±۱.۱۲μg/l,۴.۲۰±۱.۲۲۱۲μg/l,and۳.۳۵±۱.۵۷μg/l, respectively. The azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone, andkaletra mean range of effluent samples in May are ۳۲۱.۳±۴.۲۳μg/l,۶۲.۷±۳.۱۲μg/l,۲۵.۳۵±۳.۲۲۱۲μg/l,and۴۸.۳۵±۳.۵۷μg/l, respectively. The risk quotient of azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone,andkaletra are ۹.۱,۰.۲,۰.۳, and۰.۰۵, respectively. The characteristics of antibiotics has a high impact on elimination efficiencies.antibiotics appearance in influent and effluent of ۱ wastewater treatment hospital situated in Tehran city. In this cross-sectional study we examined the antibiotics concentration such as azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone,and kaletra of influent and effluent of ۱ hospital wastewater treatment plant in Tehran city during February and May in the year of ۲۰۲۱ by using high performance liquid chromatography at wavelength of ۲۵۴, ۳۴۲, ۲۳۰, ۲۴۶, and ۲۱۵ nm, respectively. We compared the results with standard values of wastewater. For environmental risk assessment, the risk quotient was computed. All tests were performed at laboratory temperature (۲۰˚C), in triplicate (۲۵۲ test), and reported the mean data values. We employed the SPSS software (version ۲۱) for analyzing data. The significance level was pv < ۰.۰۵. The azithromycin, naproxen, prednisolone, and kaletra mean range of influent samples in February are۲۵.۳±۲.۲۳μg/l,۷.۷±۱.۱۲μg/l,۵.۳۵±۱.۲۲۱۲μg/l,and۴.۳۵±۱.۵۷μg/l, respectively. The azithromycin, naproxen, prednisolone, and kaletra mean range of influent samples in Mayare۳۵۱.۳±۴.۲۳μg/l,۸۵.۷±۳.۱۲μg/l,۳۲.۳۵±۳.۲۲۱۲μg/l,and۶۱.۳۵±۳.۵۷μg/l, respectively. The azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone, andkaletra mean range of effluent samples in February are۲۳.۳±۲.۲۳μg/l,۴.۹۰±۱.۱۲μg/l,۴.۲۰±۱.۲۲۱۲μg/l,and۳.۳۵±۱.۵۷μg/l, respectively. The azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone, andkaletra mean range of effluent samples in May are ۳۲۱.۳±۴.۲۳μg/l,۶۲.۷±۳.۱۲μg/l,۲۵.۳۵±۳.۲۲۱۲μg/l,and۴۸.۳۵±۳.۵۷μg/l, respectively. The risk quotient of azithromycin,naproxen,prednisolone,andkaletra are ۹.۱,۰.۲,۰.۳, and۰.۰۵, respectively. The characteristics of antibiotics has a high impact on elimination efficiencies.

Keywords:

Antibiotics , Efficiency , High performance liquid chromatography , Hospital wastewater treatment plant , Risk quotient