Autoimmune / Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (Asia Syndrome) Associated with Silicone Breast Implant Rupture

Background: Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome (ASIA) constitutes a set ofrelated immune mediated diseases that share a common clinical picture and a historyof a previous exposure to an adjuvant agent. From a clinical standpoint, patientspresent with none specific manifestations such as myalgia, arthralgia, chronicfatigue and dry mouth as well as neurological manifestations such as cognitivedisturbances, memory loss and neurologic disabilities. .Case presentation: A previously healthy ۲۵-year-old patient who underwentbreast augmentation ۳ years ago, with an asymptomatic rupture of the silicone breastimplant, presented with three major criteria of ASIA, and improved after bilateralimplant removal. She also had pleuritis and pericarditis, rarely described in suchdisease. A literature review on complications related to breast implants, theirquestionable relationship to the onset of autoimmune pathologies, and basic aspectsof the diagnosis and management of ASIA was carried out.Conclusion: The silicone presented in breast implants should be considered as anadjuvant, with the potential to cause chronic stimulation to the immune system. Thiscan lead to systemic manifestations that can be severe in patients geneticallypredisposed and potentially not reversible even after surgical removal of theimplants. When facing patients with breast implants and systemic clinicalsymptoms, lymph node disorders, neurological manifestations, or serositis as in thecase presented, without other defined etiology, the possibility of ASIA should beconsidered in the differential diagnosis.

Keywords:

Breast implants , autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants , ASIA , breast prosthesis syndrome , incompatibility syndrom