Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate on Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile and Blood Pressurein Overweight/obese Women with Type ۲ Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized PlaceboControlled Clinical Trial

Objectives: Due to the insufficient data on the metabolic consequences of long-term whey protein(WP) consumption, in this trial we aimed to examine the effects of WP, as fortified bread, onglycemic status, lipid profile and blood pressure in overweight/obese women with type ۲ diabetesmellitus (T۲DM).Methods: In a ۱۲-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, ۴۸overweight/obese women with T۲DM were randomly allocated into either WP (bread fortified by۲۰ g WP concentrate) or placebo (unfortified bread) group. At pre- and post-intervention phase,physical activity, blood pressure, serum levels of glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A۱C(HbA۱C), and lipid profile as well as dietary intakes were assessed. The homeostatic modelassessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used for estimation of insulin resistance.Results: Thirty five patients completed the trial. At the endpoint, there were no significantbetween-group differences for the assessed glycemic parameters (p > ۰.۰۵), except HbA۱C, whichwas higher in the WP group after adjusting for the confounders and baseline values (p < ۰.۰۵).Fasting blood glucose was significantly increased in WP group (p <۰.۰۵). There was a significantincrease in HOMA-IR and serum level of insulin in both WP and placebo groups (p < ۰.۰۵). Therewere no significant within- or between- group changes for lipid profile and blood pressure of thepatients (p > ۰.۰۵).Conclusion: Three month consumption of the WPC fortified bread, has no effects on lipid profileand blood pressure. It may cause some undesirable changes in some glycemic indices amongoverweight/obese women with T۲DM.

Keywords:

Whey Proteins , Diabetes Mellitus , Lipids , Blood Pressure