An Etiological Approach to Obesity Management

Introduction Obesity is a heterogeneous complex disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by excessbody fat that is contributed with several comorbidities which can be prevented or treated including diabetes,metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and obstructive sleep apnea. Obese patients need different obesitymanagement due to their differences in where the fat is deposit (upper (android) or lower-body (gynoid) fatdistribution) and also how that fat actually affects them in terms of metabolism, body shape and size. Our aim isto provide an etiological approach to obesity management.Methodology A comprehensive electronic search was conducted utilizing several bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus) using keywords including obesity, mental health and nutrition.Findings/ Discussion Overfeed people varied in ability to gain or lose weight due to reasons such asmetabolism rate, compliant patients, genetics and non-exercise activity thermogenesis. Thus, obesity assessmentplay an important role in treatment planning. What the patient is doing such as overeating and under moving aswell as why they are doing them which is about behavior and drivers must be attended. Although food diaries andbody analyzing help us to figure out obesity’s causes, they are not enough. Recognition of drivers that influencebehaviors are useful. Also, environment, culture, biology and psychology affect obesity treatment. Therefore, werecommend an etiological approach to a successful obesity management that includes 4 Ms. First, attention tomental health by using screening questionnaires and asking leading questions to diagnosis depression or socialanxiety disorder. Second, noticing mechanical problems like knees or back pain for well-meant and efficientrecommendations. Third, metabolic diseases such as lots of cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome and also drugs fortreat them which can cause weight gain must be assessed. At the end, monetary health for example food insecurity,low income and expensive treatments are important. Moreover; obese patients face several considerable bias andstigma regarding psychological and social problems which reduces weight loss achievement. To conclude, inaddition to an etiological approach to successful obesity management, a comprehensive evidence-based programincluding medical nutrition therapy, chronic disease management, if exist, psychological interventions, physicalactivity, pharmacotherapy and non-invasive and invasive interventions like surgery accompanied by amultidisciplinary team is needed.

An Etiological Approach to Obesity Management Keywords:

Obesity , Mental health , Nutrition