The effect of plant-based diets on improving complications of chronic kidneydisease

Plant-based diets has been a heated discussion subject in the context of the treatment for chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients. It was reported to counteract some of the metabolic changes, lower risk of cardiovasculardisease (CVD), and mortality in patients with CKD. The aim of this study is to determine the potential effectsof these types of diets in CKD patients.Material and MethodsTo accomplish this narrative review, we searched ۴ Databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and googlescholar) based on the search strategy from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۲ with the high sensitivity on September ۲۰۲۲ by followingMeSH keywords: " chronic kidney disease “, " fiber ", " Plant-based diets ", " uremic toxins ".FindingsThere's a growing number of studies that plant-based diets such as Mediterranean and DASH diets can decreaseinflammation in CKD patients. Some studies have confirmed that plant-based diets can significantly controluremia, slow down eGFR decline and delay dialysis initiation. It also has an enhanced outcome on glomerularpressure, which is assessed by plant-based therapy. In addition, consumption of fruits and vegetables has beenshown to decrease metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Although some patients may be prevented fromconsuming plant-based due to the potential adverse event of hyperkalemia, potassium binders may be useful toprevent patients from hyperkalemia. A group of studies showed Plant-based diets cause to statistically significantreduction in CVD risk due to decreased intraglomerular pressure and lower levels of uremic toxins such astrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and indoxyl sulphate and microbial dysbiosis correction in CKD patients.These affects can show a significant result of the fiber intake found in plant-based diets on CKD disease.ConclusionRecent studies have shown that greater adherence to a plant-based diet in addition to potassium binders isassociated with positive kidney disease outcomes in patients with CKD.

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease , fiber , Plant-based diets , uremic toxins