The effect of smart web-based tools on the compliance and implementation of self-care measures among coronary artery bypass graft patients

Introduction: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients face a lot of information needsafter being discharged due to the nature and sensitivity of the operation. Failure to meet theseneeds lead to an increase in the level of stress and anxiety, followed by an increase in the rate ofre-hospitalization in the first ۳۰ days after discharge, which will result in an increase in treatmentcosts. Expanding access to novel technologies and the Internet has made these clients use searchengines to get answers for their questions and meet their information needs. Therefore, the aim ofthis study is to investigate application of smart web-based solutions to meet the educational needsof CABG patients.Method: In the present review article, the papers published between ۲۰۰۰ and ۲۰۲۲ were reviewed.In order to access to the related scientific documentation, studies related to providingpreoperative or post-discharge self-care educations for CABG patients in which various servicessuch as M-health and web-based systems were used, were investigated in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases. The materials of all the publish articleswere carefully analyzed and arranged in an appropriate sequence after extracting, categorizing,and integrating.Result: The results of this study showed that the use of web and mobile based solutions to provideself-care education has a great impact on reducing stress and anxiety levels. Scalable accessto trainings (regardless of place and time), cost-effectiveness, and also increasing the motivationto implement self-care measures are some advantages. However, due to the providing mostlygeneral educations and the lack of providing personalized contents according to patient’s clinicalcondition, it can cause problems and this causes the patient to have little compliance with theimplementation of the education measures. Many patients expressed the need for personalizededucational content based on their clinical situation for compliance and correct implementationof self-care educational measures. Also, due to the complexity of the specialized materials and thelack of familiarity of them, CABG patients had experienced many problems in understanding andlearning the trainings, such as facing with unclear and complex contents and the lack of continuitybetween the educations.Discussion: Many websites and mobile-based services and tools generate content in the field ofhealth. But for various reasons, they do not meet the needs of the patient. Some of the reasonsare difficulty in conveying medical concepts due to its nature, the lack of using evidence-basedmaterials and reliable references, the lack of personalization based on the patient real needs, andthe dispersion and lack of coherence of the materials. With the increasing development of weband mobile based technologies, and their combination with artificial intelligence which helps toprovide smart health, it seems that the use of intelligent tools and services is capable of meetingthe educational needs of CABG patients with the help of processing educational data and examiningthe needs of patients. Also, it may lead to increased adherence to self-care measures amongthese patients.

Keywords:

Smart Health , coronary artery bypass graft patients , Self-care , Artificial Intelligent