Evaluation of Phytochemical, Total Phenolic and Flavonoidcontent, Antioxidant Activities, and Repelling Property of Sambucusebulus

The therapeutic and anti-infectious effects of Sambucus ebulus L. have been well documented in the traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the domestic herbal plant with insect repellent property. Leaf and fruit of Sambucus ebulus L. was collected from Kordkail Kola Sofla rural district and dried. To assess the repellent property, the concentrations of ۵۰ mg/kg, ۱۰۰ mg/kg, and ۲۵۰ mg/kg) were prepared. Then ۰.۴ mL of each concentration was applied on an area of ۴ × ۶ cm on the shaved Albino (Indian pig) skin and exposed to the mosquito bite. After ۳۰ minutes, the number of adult mosquito bites (three replications) was recorded and analyzed by ANOVA test at a probable level of ۵%.The highest phenolic content in the leaf and fruit methanol extract was ۱۵۵.۹۲۵ mg/g and of ۹۲.۷۷۷ mg/g, respectively. Based on IC۵۰, the highest level of antioxidant activity in the leaf and fruit methanol extract were ۶۰.۰۹μg/mL and ۴۱۷.۸۴۶μg/mL, respectively. The highest repelling property was correlated with the concentration of ۲۵۰mg/kg of Sambucus ebulus. The repelling effects were ۷۳.۴% for the leaf and ۷۸% for fruit extracts. Leaf and fruit extracts of Sambucus ebulus contained phenolic and flavonoid with strong antioxidant effects. The fruit hexane and methanol extracts were better repellent than the leaves, and the methanol extracts effect of these organs was greater.

Keywords:

phytochemical , Phenolic compounds , Antioxidant , Insect repellent , Culex pipiens , Sambucus ebulus