Alcohol consumption, Tobacco smoking and risk of gastric cancer

Introduction: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in ۲۰۲۰. Moderately increased risk of stomach cancer has been associated with tobacco smoking and Alcohol drinking. In this narrative review, we summarized the current knowledge on the relation between tobacco and alcohol, both alone and in combination, to the risk of gastric cancer.Method: We investigated the studies that were published between ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۲. Articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: published, Studies were a case-control or a cohort or randomized controlled trial, Studies were published in English. We excluded, editorials, book chapters, dissertations, commentaries, letters to the editor, narrative and systematic reviews, duplicates, and articles in which the full text was not available.Findings: Twenty-six studies (۱ observational study, ۱۳ Prospective cohort studies, ۱۱ case-control studies and ۱ Randomized clinical trial) met eligibility criteria for review. The studies indicated consumption of alcohol is not associated with gastric cancer or has weak association between alcohol and incidence gastric cancer. The studies repeatedly reported a significant association between tobacco smoking and incidence of gastric cancer.Conclusion: Based on the best our knowledge and present studies, consumption of alcohol and tobacco are risk factors of gastric cancer. Health plans focused on limiting alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking may be important for gastric cancer control in world. Further Studies are needed to examine the interaction between consumption of alcohol and tobacco for gastric cancers in other populations.

Keywords:

Alcohol , Tobacco smoking , Gastric cancer , Stomach neoplasms , Epidemiology