A study on root cell wall solutions of agricultural plants in saline soils

Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least ۱۰۵,۰۰۰ years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around ۱۱,۵۰۰ years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around ۱۰,۰۰۰ years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least ۱۱ regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output. Unfortunately, in addition to the problem of drought in the country, soil and water salinity in arid and semi-arid areas is one of the factors affecting the growth and development of plants. Plant growth is directly affected by soil salinity and indirectly by irrigation water salinity. Almost ۹۰% of the country's climate is dry and semi-arid. For this reason, most areas of the country are prone to salinity. For this reason, the use of salt-resistant plants is one of the solutions to this problem. One of the most important factors limiting the cultivation of plants in many regions of the world, especially arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran, is the problem of dryness and salinity of soil and water. The problem of dryness and salinity is mainly discussed together. Almost one third of the earth's surface is located in arid and semi-arid areas, and every year about ۶ million hectares of arable land is out of reach for agriculture due to the accumulation of salinity in the soil and so-called desertification. Drought stress of about ۱۷% and salinity stress of about ۲۰% decrease the amount of agricultural products. Due to its geographical location, Iran is at the top of the list of countries under the threat of salinity stress, as it is estimated that about ۲۷ million hectares of Iran's land (about ۱۷%) is under salinity stress. Therefore, the establishment of an agricultural system compatible with salinity conditions is necessary. Drought stress management can include several methods such as drainage, washing, use of salt resistant cultivars. In this article, the nature of saline soils and root cell wall solutions of agricultural plants are discussed in it.

Keywords:

Saline soils , land reclamation , drought , salinity , dry and semi-dry