Ultrasound assisted emulsification micro extraction method for separation of fatty acids of Iranian (Bandar Abbas) Jatropha curcas seed and determination by GC.Mass

Jatrophacurcas is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, which is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. The name is derived from the Greek words ατρός (iatros), meaning physician, and τροφή (trophe), meaning nutrition . It contains approximately 170 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are deciduous, like Jatrophacurcas). Most of these are native to the Americas, with 66 species found in the Old World [1]. Mature plants produce separate male and female flowers. It is considered as a potential source of non-edible fuel producing plant along with its different medicinal properties. The seed contains 40-50 % viscous oil known as ‘curcas oil’ [2, 3]. The chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Jatrophacurcas L. seed oil were evaluated using standard techniques. The oil content of the seed is more than 60%.In this study, a new hyphenated extraction method composed of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and emulsification microextraction (UAEME) was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of the fatty acids of Jatrophacurcus seed. The effective parameters of UAEME including volume of extraction solvent, extraction temperature and ultrasonic time were optimized by using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) and the response surface methodology. Under optimized condition, the extraction yield of oil was more than 30%. The extracts with higher yield from the method were subjected to transesterification. Then, the chemical compositions of the UAEME extract were identified by GC–MS and determined by GC–FID. The compounds were identified according to their retention indices and mass spectra (EI, 70 eV). The major compounds of oil obtained by UAEME were linolenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid.

Keywords:

Jatropha curcas , ultrasound , extraction , fatty acid , determination