Modeling and Simulation of Regenerative Braking Strategies (Series, Parallel, and Hybrid) for Saipa Arya Car under Urban Driving Conditions

This study investigates regenerative braking strategies for the Saipa Arya, a hybrid passenger vehicle currently under development at Saipa Corp, to evaluate their effects on vehicle performance and energy recovery. Series, Parallel, and Hybrid (blended) regenerative braking approaches are modeled and simulated within a unified MATLAB/Simulink framework, considering vehicle dynamics, braking torque distribution, stopping performance, and battery charging behavior under urban driving conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that regenerative braking significantly enhances both braking performance and energy recovery, effectively decelerating the vehicle while maintaining stability. Analysis of velocity and deceleration profiles confirms that the applied strategies reliably manage vehicle dynamics, while motor torque and battery charging curves indicate substantial improvements in energy recovery efficiency. Among the strategies examined, the hybrid configuration provides the most balanced distribution of braking torque between hydraulic and regenerative systems, resulting in optimized braking efficiency without compromising vehicle control. These findings highlight the potential of properly implemented regenerative braking strategies to improve energy efficiency, support battery management, and extend the driving range of electric vehicles. The presented modeling and simulation framework offers a comprehensive tool for evaluating vehicle performance and assessing the trade-offs associated with different regenerative braking strategies.

Keywords:

Regenerative braking , Hybrid electric vehicle , Vehicle dynamics , Urban drive cycle