Ethnic heterogeneity study in the Iranian cultural society, Challenges and Opportunities

Most social scientists think that ethnic heterogeneity is a factor in increasing the risk ofconflict and national solidarity and convergence are needed to create national cohesionin a country. Reducing solidarity also has many consequences, including lack ofmotivation and the lack of efforts of the people, reducing progress and development,compromising social order, foreign influence and compromising national security.Accordingly, the importance of the issue of solidarity is in the direction ofdevelopment and security of the country [1].Iran is a multi-ethnic country and the issue of national solidarity is important in thesecurity and coherence of the country. Despite the ethnic racial stability in Iran,language and religion are diverse. Despite the fact that Iranian ethnic groups livetogether, however, ethnic tensions have existed in periods of history in different partsof Iran. For example, after the Islamic Revolution, there were tensions in areas such asKurdistan and Turkmen Sahara. In recent years, there have been some ethnic groups,such as PJAK, Jundallah and Al-Ahwazia that use violent methods. Also, some groupsin the context of the constitution and some beyond that had some demands. Therefore,the issue of identity and ethnicity, and its examination, requires special attention andneeds to be constantly reviewed. It is also not possible to study the issue of nationalunity without considering the level of the individual and without assessing social andcultural identity [2].