Diagnostic value of immunohistochemicial staining of Galactin-3, HBME-1 and CK-19 in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesion

Introduction: Cancer of thyroid is the commonest malignancy in endocrinology. The goldstandard of diagnosis of thyroid nodules is achieved through pathologic evaluation usingroutine H&E staining method. However, morphologic overlap between benign and malignantthyroid lesions, especially follicular variant of papillary carcinoma is common and in somecases, makes a consistent diagnosis impossible. Markers used for this differential diagnosisincludes HMWCK, CK19, Galactin-19, HBME-1, CD57, CD15, CD44, etc. In this study weassessed the protein expression of Galactin-3, HBME-1 and CK19 in thyroid lesions (benignvs.malignant) to evaluate their diagnostic values.Material & methods: In this study 70 paraffin blocks including 45 malignant lesion and 25benign lesions were selected from pathology laboratory of Imam Reza hospital. Appropriatesections prepared for H&E staining and also for immunohistochemical staining of threeabove-mentioned markers. Then the result assessed using SPSS (Ver. 17).Results and discussion: of 70 cases which selected, 25 are benign and including, nodulargoiter(11 cases, 15.7%), follicular adenoma (9 cases, 12.9%), Hurtle cell adenoma (4 cases,5.7%) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (2 cases, 2.9%), 45 cases are malignant and including welldifferentiatedPapillary carcinoma(30 cases, 42.8%), follicular variant of Papillary carcinoma(7 cases, 10%), tall cell variant of Papillary carcinoma (3 cases, 4.3%), diffuse sclerosingvariant of Papillary carcinoma (1cases, 1.4%), micropapilary carcinoma (1 cases, 1.4%) andHurthel cell carcinoma (1 cases, 1.4%).Immunohistochemical result reveals that three studied markers are useful for differentiatingbenign from malignant lesions of thyroid (statistically significant, P value=0.001).

Diagnostic value of immunohistochemicial staining of Galactin-3, HBME-1 and CK-19 in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesion Keywords:

Malignant , Thyroid , Galactin-3 , HBME-1 , CK-19