CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS IN MARE Therapeutic Strategies with respect to pathogenesis.
Publish place: 16th Iranian Veterinary Congress
Publish Year: 1389
Type: Conference paper
Language: English
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THVC16_0018
Index date: 1 May 2019
CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS IN MARE Therapeutic Strategies with respect to pathogenesis. abstract
Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Endometritis have been extensively studied. However despite many years of in-depth research endometritis continues to be the major causes for infertility in the mare. Today, transient inflammatory reaction of endometrium in response to bacteria or spermatozoa following breeding is considered normal phenomenon. The outcome of such physiological reaction in reproductively healthy mares is an endometrium free from debris, dead sperms, bacteria, and inflammatory exudates which is critical for survival of the embryo entering the uterus 5.5 days after ovulation. However such mating-induced endometrial inflammatory response in some mares turns into Chronic Endometritis (CE) or Persistent Mating-Induced Endometritis (PMIE) Pathogenesis of CE is complex contribution of both Mare and Microbial Factors. The main Mare’s Factors include: defects in reproductive anatomical barriers; abnormal myometrial contractions; poor lymphatic drainage; defective mucociliary clearance and vascular degeneration. The better-known Microbial Factors contributing to development of CE are production of biofilm, tenacious exudates and focal infection, commonly seen with Gram-negative organisms, fungi and staphylococci. Diagnosis of clinical cases of CE is based on detecting uterine fluid, vaginitis, vaginal discharge, abnormally short Oestrous cycle, inflammatory uterine cytology and positive uterine culture. However, these signs are often absent in sub-clinical cases or just limited to excessive oedema post-mating and Hyper-Echoic reflection between endometrial folds. In diagnosis of sub-clinical cases of CE, particularly when suspecting Gram-negative organisms, culture of uterine biopsy tissue or fluid samples collected using Small Volume Uterine Lavage technique are more sensitive than samples taken by guarded swabs .Herein, an update of treatments strategies with respect to pathophysiology of Chronic Endometritis will be reviewed. In addition to traditional treatments of endometritis such as post-breeding uterine lavage, oxytocin and intrauterine antibiotics, other treatment strategies such as immediate pre-breeding lavage (~1-h before mating), carbetocin, prostaglandines, cervical dilators, systemic antibiotics, intrauterine chelators (EDTA–Tris), mucolytics (DMSO, kerosene, N-acetylcysteine), corticosteroids, and immunomodulators, that may be considered in cases of CE will be discussed:
CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS IN MARE Therapeutic Strategies with respect to pathogenesis. authors
Farshad Maloufi
Persicus Equine Veterinary Services, Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada