Green synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticle using the aqueous extract of Euphorbia maculata and its catalytic study in Biginelli reaction under solvent-free condition

The utilization of different plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a green technology because it does not involve any harmful, poisonous and chemicals [1-3]. During this study, we report the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Euphorbia maculata aqueous extract. The structural and properties of the CuO NPs were investigated by fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM suggested that the particles are spherical shape and size in the range of 16-20 nm (Fig. 1). Here in, we described a simple, efficient, practical and one pot procedure for the Biginelli reaction using synthesized CuO nanoparticles as a catalyst. In the procedure, aldehyde (1.0 mmol), urea or thiourea (1.5 mmol) and ethylacetoacetate (1.0 mmol) were mixed completely and stirred at 90 °C for 90 min by adding a catalytic amount of CuO NPs (0.01 g) in solvent free condition (Fig. 2). 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones were obtained in excellent yields and short times. We have studied the reusability of the synthesized catalyst. The catalyst activity had no significant vary even after four successive runs.

Green synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticle using the aqueous extract of Euphorbia maculata and its catalytic study in Biginelli reaction under solvent-free condition Keywords:

green synthesis , CuO nanoparticles , Euphorbia maculata , catalyst , Biginelli reaction