The Frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction:This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Iranian pa-tients with diabetes mellitus DM through meta-analysis.Materials and method:This is a systematic review article based on MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Review of theliterature was done using databases including Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, SID, RICST,IranDoc, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and theGoogle Scholar search engine without time limit until December, 2018. Heterogeneity between studieswas assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I2index. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis CMA software version 2 according to a random-effects model. P-values less than 0.05 wereconsidered as the significance level.Results:The analysis consisted of 44 studies including 10,349 Iranian patients with DM. The prevalenceof depression was estimated to be 61.8% 95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.6e66.7 . The lowest andhighest prevalence of depression based on regions was in the North 56.7% [95%CI: 44.9e67.8] and theEast 64.2% [95%CI: 30.7e87.9] , respectively. The depression prevalence in females and males was 63.9% 95%CI: 54.0e72.8 and 46.3% 95%CI: 36.4e56.4 , respectively, The prevalence of mild, moderate, severeand highly severe depression was estimated to be 24.4% 95%CI: 21.0e28.2 , 19.1% 95%CI: 15.2e23.9 ,11.4% 95%CI: 8.6e14.9 , and 4.6% 95%CI: 3.4e6.1 , respectively. In eight studies, the prevalence ofanxiety in Iranian patients with DM was estimated to be 64.5% 95%CI: 42.0e82.1 .Conclusions:Depression and anxiety are more prevalent among Iranian patients with DM compared withdeveloped countries. Therefore, regular psychiatric consultation is required for the early diagnosis andtreatment of depression and anxiety in these patients.

Keywords:

Anxiety , Depression , Diabetes mellitus , Iran , Prevalence