Reconceptualizing Space Power: A Critical Assessment of Astropolitical Doctrines and the Emergence of Vertical Sovereignty

link: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6686879

Abstract

The rapid expansion of orbital infrastructures and their deep integration into terrestrial governance systems have fundamentally transformed the spatial logic of power. While classical astropolitical theories conceptualize outer space as an extension of geopolitical competition, they remain anchored in positional and territorial paradigms that are increasingly insufficient to explain contemporary transformations in sovereignty. This article introduces the concept of Vertical Sovereignty as a novel analytical framework that emphasizes continuity of function across interconnected ground, orbital, and digital layers. It critically evaluates existing astropolitical doctrines and identifies their limitations in accounting for the operational centrality of space-based infrastructures in modern conflict environments. Drawing on empirical observations from recent conflicts-particularly the role of satellite communications in sustaining operational continuity under conditions of terrestrial disruptionthe article develops the Sangtarash Doctrine of Orbital Power. Central to this framework is the concept of the Link Layer, defined as the interface through which orbital capabilities are translated into functional outcomes on the ground. The article argues that sovereignty in the space age is no longer reducible to territorial control but is increasingly contingent upon infrastructural integration and resilience. It concludes by outlining the implications of this shift for medium powers, global governance, and the evolving architecture of strategic autonomy.

Keywords: Independent Researcher, International Relations Astropolitics, Vertical Sovereignty, Orbital Power, Space Governance, Infrastructure, Strategic Autonomy, Link Layer, Sangtarash Doctrine