Plasmonic is based on the interaction process between electromagnetic waves and conduction electrons in metals with nano-sized dimensions

Plasmonic is based on the interaction process between electromagnetic waves and conduction electrons in metals with nano-sized dimensions. Analytically, the reason for the rapid energy drop of electrons passing through metals is that this energy is spent on the cumulative and oscillatory motion of free electrons in the metal and he called it plasmon. The reason for this naming was the similarity of these electron oscillations with the oscillations of particles in the plasma environment. The term polariton is used for the oscillation of bound electrons in the metal in a state of coupling with phonons of the incident beam. The name polariton was used for quasi-particles that were half matter and half photons, which is the coupled state between a photon of the primary excitation beam and the conduction electrons of the metal, and the term plasmon polariton is used to express the coupling between a photon and a plasmon.

The division of this emerging science into two areas, localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons, is briefly introduced. In localized surface plasmons, the basis of interactions is nanoparticles, and their properties in exciting this mode of plasmonic waves are investigated. In surface plasmon polaritons, by introducing their working principle, there is its field formulation and how these structures can overcome the diffraction limit. Nanostructures have fundamental differences from each other, both in terms of synthesis and production, and in terms of properties and applications. In general, the electrical, optical, magnetic, surface, etc. properties of these three structures are fundamentally different from each other, and of course their applications are also different. One-dimensional nanostructures can be used for electronic connections, while there is no such application for zero-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials. The main basis of nanotechnology is the use of materials. Every material in space has three dimensions: length, width, and height. If at least one of these three dimensions in a material is in the nanometer range, it is called a material or a nanostructure.

Conclusion :

As technology moves towards the integration of optoelectronic circuits, fabrication problems and phenomena that prevent further compactification of the structure have led to the exploration and use of plasmonic structures and plasmonic waves. These nanostructures consist of metal and dielectric whose dimensions are below the excitation wavelength (the wavelength of the radiation that excites the plasmonic waves).