Production of Nanoliposomal Cisplatin: Effects of Targeted Delivery on Breast Cancer Cell Line(MCF-7)

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Cisplatin is a common anti-cancer chemotherapy drug that kills breast cancer cells. However, its use is limited because it has a number of side effects including acute kidney injury. Accordingly, nanoliposomal drug delivery technology was used to reduce its side effects and improve its efficacy. Specific ratios of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and cisplatin were mixed to prepare nanoliposomal cisplatin, and the obtained formulation was pegylated using Polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG2000) to increase its stability and efficiency as well as solubility. The liposomes were mixed with a specific proportion of cisplatin in PBS. From among various available methods, the reverse phase evaporation technique was used in this study to prepare liposomes. Cisplatin loading into liposomal nanoparticles drastically increased in this study by increasing the surface area available for contact between the drug and the nanocarrier. Using a zetasizer instrument, the average diameters of non-pegylated and pegylated nanoliposomal cisplatin were obtained 120 and 89.5 nm, respectively. The percentages of drug entrapment efficiency for non-pegylated and pegylated formulations were 70.2% and 81.5%, respectively. Then, cytotoxicity of the drug was assessed using MTT assay. Subsequently, the effects of cisplatin and cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line were obtained in vitro. IC50 values for MCF-7 cell line treated with liposomal nanoparticles loaded with Cisplatin for 24 h and 48 h were calculated to be 42.422 and 14.564 μM, respectively. These values for MCF-7 cell line treated with the free drug for 24h and 48 h were 12.780 and 9.120 μM, respectively. The results showed that cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles are effective anticancer drugs.

Keywords:

Cisplatin , Liposome , Polyethylene Glycol , Drug Delivery