بررسی تاثیر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی رازیانه ‭(Foeniculum vulgare Mill)‬

In order to investigate of chemical fertilizers and manure effects on yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) a field experiment was carried out in Alborz Research Center. Karaj/ IRAN in 1995-98. The treatments include various levels of chemical fertilizers (N.P.K.). used in commercial agricultural systems, different levels of manure, used in sustainable (organic) systems, as well as a mixture of different ratios of fertilizers and manure. used in intermediate systems, which were in comparison to the control treatment (no fertilizers and manure applied). The experiment was conducted using completely randomized block experimental design with three replications. The results showed that in chemical system, seed yield had a higher performance in treatment "N=160, P=128 and K=160 Kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers", which was 901 Kgha-1. In organic system, treatment "40 tonha-1 of manure" the results was 947 Kgha-1, while the highest yield of seed in intermediate agroecosystems resulted from treatment "25 tonha-1 of manure mixed with N=60, P=48 and K=60 kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers" and amounted as 1182 Kgha-1. In comparison to the control treatment, seed yield increased by: 69.37% for chemical system, 122.23% for intermediate system, and 77.98% for organic system. In the experiment, the effects of soil fertilization systems showed that treatment "30 tonha-1 of manure mixed with N=80, P=64 and K=80 kgha-J of chemical fertilizers" of the intermediate system, produced the highest amount of essential oil (3.182%). In the essential oils extracted from fennel seed, the main components including anethole, fenchone, limonene and methyl cavicol were studied. The anethole as the most important component of the essential oil, in treatment "20 tonha-1 of manure mixed with N=40, P=28 and K=40 kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers" of the intermediate system, had the highest amount and increased by 74.38%. Thus, the anethole in the above treatment comparison to the control, chemical and organic treatments, increased by 36.10%, 28.06 % and 20.75%, respectively. Based on the experiments conducted, the quantitative and qualitative yield in the intermediate systems were improved. Thus, it could be claimed that, the application of intermediate system, is a suitable approach to ward the sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:

فنیکولوم ولگار , رازیانه , کودهای شیمیایی آلی , عملکرد زراعی , کود دامی , گیاهان دارویی