Assessing the effect of “canal automation” and “conjunctive operation of surface and groundwater” in main irrigation canal’s operational improvement from the water-energy nexus perspectives

The performance of most irrigation and drainage networks is not optimal not only in terms of the
process of adequacy, efficiency and equity, but also in terms of output, i.e. making the product. The
farmers' inadequate distribution and delivery of adequate and adequate water in irrigation networks has
led to the adoption of permissible (and even unauthorized) perceptions of groundwater resources to
compensate for this lack of adequacy in water distribution. In the next step, using the performance
evaluation indicators, the improvement of the main canal operation process before and after the
automation was studied for both scenarios. However, the reduction in harvesting from agricultural wells
within the Qazvin Irrigation Network is a solution to the aquifer's equilibrium. But the extent to which
these measures can cope with this situation is a topic that has been studied in terms of operating methods
in two simulated scenarios in this study. For this purpose, the mathematical model of Qazvin aquifer was
prepared with the help of GMS software. To simulate the aquifer, the impact of the exploited methods
mentioned in this study should be applied in two scenarios proposed as predictable tensions to the model
to be evaluated. In this regard, the model was first implemented in stable conditions, taking into account
the annual water discharge of 90-89, and then in unsteady conditions and based on the input and output
parameters to the aquifer in the years 91-90. After that, the scenarios presented in the loading and
feedback model were presented as the result of the research. For this purpose, the mathematical model of
Qazvin aquifer was prepared with the help of GMS software. To simulate the aquifer, the impact of the
exploited methods mentioned in this study should be applied in two scenarios proposed as predictable
tensions to the model to be evaluated. In this regard, the model was first implemented in stable
conditions, taking into account the annual water discharge of 90-89, and then in unsteady conditions and
based on the input and output parameters to the aquifer in the years 91-90. After that, the scenarios
presented in the loading and feedback model were presented as the result of the research. For this
purpose, the mathematical model of Qazvin aquifer was prepared with the help of GMS software. The
results of the research showed that in normal operation conditions (without limitation in the main
irrigation canal), the non-focal, proportional-integral control system and predictive control system can
well be the distribution of sufficient water between the upstream and downstream off-takes of the main
canal. As a result, improving the distribution of surface water resources in the network has reduced the
need for water withdrawal from the aquifer, which in turn has reduced energy consumption and reduced
carbon emissions. Improvement of the index of adequacy by upgrading the operating capacity to
decentralized automated control systems is 13% and for the centralized control system 28%. Accordingly,
the amount of water withdrawal from aquifer in the range of irrigation network after upgrading to
decentralized control systems was 45.3% and for the centralized automatic control system was calculated
100%. The amount of energy savings for the non-centralized automated control system PI and the
centralized MPC automated control system were calculated to be 76.8 and 100 percent respectively. The
amount of greenhouse gas emissions for these methods was 76.55% and 100%, respectively.
Also, to investigate the capabilities of the water control and water control systems developed in this
research, the research objectives were examined in the form of a different scenario for dewatering
conditions in the network. Deep water conditions were maintained by maintaining the demand in the
catchments and reducing the flow of 20% to the irrigation canal. The ability of the pre-configured
automated centralized control system to distribute water shortages in the canal along the network, so that
dewatering was simulated over time and was carried out in all ponders upstream to downstream. On the
other hand, the decentralized automated control system did not show significant performance in terms of
simulation, however improvement in operating conditions was significant compared to the usual
operating conditions. The results of the drought scenario indicate that the improvement in the index of
adequacy with the upgrade of the existing operating system to the non-centralized automated control
systems of PI's feedstock is 70% and for the automated centralized control system (MPC) of
77%. Accordingly, the amount of harvest reduction from aquifer for classical methods was 35.4%, 69.7%
and 71.5% respectively, the reduction of energy consumption was 21.55%, 54.5% and 63.7%,
respectively, and the reduction of production Greenhouse gases were 23.22%, 52.42% and 49.60%,
respectively.

Assessing the effect of “canal automation” and “conjunctive operation of surface and groundwater” in main irrigation canal’s operational improvement from the water-energy nexus perspectives Keywords:

Aquifer , Energy saving , Operation of main canal , Proportional-Integral controller , System Predictive Control