Dose cigarette smoking affect oocyte maturation, embryo developmental and pregnancy rate in IVF cycles?

Introduction: In recent decades prevalence of cigarette smoking has been increased up to ۳۰% in woman at reproductive age. Cigarette contains many toxic chemicals is associated with lower fecundity rates, adverse effect of reproductive system and a higher risk of IVF failures. Substantial harmful effects of cigarette smoke on oocyte morphology and embryonic development have become apparent but are not generally appreciated.Method: To evaluate the impact of smoking on oocyte quality, embryonic development and fertility rate we searched and reviewed the current literature up to September ۲۰۱۸. We used combinations of medical subject headings ‘‘smoking,’’ ‘‘cigarette,’’ ‘‘oocyte,’’, ‘‘fertility,’’ ‘‘pregnancy,’’ ‘‘complications,’’ and ‘‘conception’’. Only English-language articles were selected, and the search was restricted to published articles. Review articles were included.Results: All data obtained from the literatures indicated that number and morphology of oocytes were significantly decreased in smoker compared with non-smokers. The zona pellucida as a well-known markers for evolution of embryonic hatching were thicker than non-smokers. Fertilization, cleavage rate and embryo development significantly later in smoker than non-smoker. Also pregnancy rate were also decreased in smoker than non-smoker.Conclusions: Folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, embryo development, embryo transfer, endometrial receptivity are affected by cigarette smoke toxic components. The effects of cigarette smoke are dose-dependent and are influenced by the presence of other toxic substances, hormonal status and lifestyle factors. However it is apparent oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoking plays important role in reproductive system.

Keywords:

Cigarette Smoking , Pregnancy Rate , IVF , Oocyte Maturation