Relationship between ۱۰۰۰-seed weight and glutenin subunits in seeds of different bread wheat genotypes

Variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) at the Glu-A۱, Glu-B۱, and Glu-D۱ loci was studied using SDS-PAGE electrophorese in ۱۷ genotypes and cultivars (Pishgam, Chinese spring, Darab, Kavir, Parsi, Mihan, VRU-۱۳۸۲, VRU-۴۰۸, VRU-۴۶۸, VRU-۱۶۲۶, VRU-۷۶۶, VRU-۷۶۵, VRU-۶۰, VRU-۹۱۲, VRU-۱۴۶۴, VRU-۱۸۰۱, and VRU-۲۰۶۸. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunits and ۱۰۰۰-seed weight. A good result has obtained the correlation between ۱۰۰۰-seed weight and the null, ۵+۱۰, ۲+۱۲, and ۷+۸ alleles. A positive correlation was found between ۱۰۰۰-seed weight and ۵+۱۰ allele (r = ۰.۶۰۰), indicating that presence of this allele will increase ۱۰۰۰-seed weight. A negative correlation was found between ۱۰۰۰-seed weight and null, ۲+۱۲, and ۷+۸ alleles (-۰.۶۳۸, -۰.۵۹۵, and -۰.۵۰۸, respectively). Genotypes with lower ۱۰۰۰-seed weight have null alleles, ۱, ۷+۸, and ۲+۱۲. Genotypes with higher ۱۰۰۰-seed weight have ۲*, ۱, ۱۳+۱۶, and ۵+۱۰ alleles. Genotypes and cultivars with the least or the most distance can be used as candidate genotypes for heterosis in breeding programs. Pishgam and Parsi cultivars and VRU-۱۳۸۲, VEU-۹۱۲, VRU-۶۰ and VRU-۷۶۵ genotypes with similarity coefficients of ۰.۶۳۶ and high ۱۰۰۰-seed weight and ۲*, ۵ + ۱۰ and ۱ glutenin subunits can be used in cross-breeding and hybridization programs to produce valuable heterosis or heterobiosis genotypes.

Keywords:

glutenin subunit , correlation , ۱۰۰۰-seed weight , similarity coefficients