Electrochemical investigation of applicability of self-doped nanofibers in ultra-battery for hybrid-electric device applications

Ultra-battery is new technology that reduces the cost and boosts the performance of batteries in hybrid-electric devices (HEDs). The ultra-battery is a hybrid energy-storage device, which combines an asymmetric supercapacitor, and a secondary battery in one unit cell, taking the bestfrom both technologies without the need for extra electronic controls. The supercapacitor will enhance the power and lifespan of the secondary battery as it acts as a buffer in discharging and charging. Consequently, this hybrid technology is able to provide and absorb charge rapidlyduring electrical devices need high current density [1]. At present, candidate energy storage systems for HED applications include all kinds ofsecondary batteries and supercapacitors. It is well known that supercapacitor can provide high power, but low energy therefore, for HED applications this technology should be used in conjunction with other batteries. In continuation our recent studies on the electrical energy storage systems based on SDPA [2] and employing PANi for dry rechargeable batteries [3], dry bipolar rechargeable batteries [4] and preparation of PANi-nanofibers [5], in this paper, we introduce an application of SDPA nanofibers as electroactive materials in SDPA–Zn secondary ultra-battery in less acidic solution