E-waste and Lead toxicity in children a public health perspective

Lead is a naturally occurring toxic substance which affects multiple systems in humans, source vary geographically in some countries, the continued use of leaded paint and leaded aviation fuel. Manufacture of lead batteries for motor vehicles contributes to more than three quarters in global consumption of lead. Source of contamination are mainly through inhalation of lead particles during burning melting, recycling, and using leaded fuel and ingestion of lead contaminated water, dust, and E-waste. (۱) Globally lead exposure causes ۶۲.۵% of idiopathic developmental intellectual disability, ۸.۲% of hypertensive heart disease, ۴.۷% of stroke, ۴.۶% of ischemic heart disease, and ۲.۹% of chronic kidney disease. Lead exposure accounted for ۲۱.۷ million years of healthy life lost (DALYs or Disability Adjusted Life Years) worldwide which was estimated by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation in ۲۰۱۹. (۱,۲)