An overview of self-care in different diseases and its relationship with a healthy lifestyle

Self-management is a process of active participation, and self-care activities aimed at improving individual behavior and well-being. Self-care, which emphasizes the active role of people in maintaining their well-being, is considered an important and valuable principle. Lifestyle is related to aspects that reflect attitudes, values, and opportunities in a person's life and can be defined as a pattern of behavior that somehow affects human health. Self-care behaviors for a basic lifestyle and self-care by minimizing disease complications and improving quality of life are vital to maintaining health. Therefore, in this research, self-care for various diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, non-communicable diseases, and covid-۱۹ disease and its relationship with a healthy lifestyle was discussed. In this review study, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched using the keywords Self-care, Self-care behavior, Self-management, and Healthy lifestyle. The results of the studies showed that the intervention based on the social cognitive model has a positive effect on diabetes self-care in patients. It can be said that self-regulation, emotional adaptation and self-efficacy to overcome obstacles have the greatest effect on diabetes self-care. The results of the studies showed that supporting self-care practices can increase the patient's self-confidence to effectively make lifestyle changes. A leading cause of death worldwide is coronary artery disease (CAD), CAD negatively affects people because it impairs their quality of life and reduces their functional skills and self-care abilities. The Covid-۱۹ pandemic has affected patients' ability to manage their obesity and mental health in many ways. Findings suggest that patients may experience unique psychological distress and challenges that require personalized care strategies to improve obesity self-care and overall well-being. Diabetes is an irreversible disease that requires self-care and rehabilitation. It is also effective to educate patients to improve their ability to perform self-care. Health education has been shown to improve self-care behavior and reduce hospital readmissions, hospitalizations, or death in older adults with chronic diseases. Self-care helps prevent complications, maintain health, and improve patients' quality of life with heart failure (HF). It can be said that social distancing and continuous quarantine have negatively affected access to self-care and care.

Keywords:

Self-care , Self-care behavior , Self-management , Healthy lifestyle