Selective determination of amphetamine in pharmaceutical samples by nano lithium particles assisted ionic-liquid microextraction

An efficient and environmentally friendly sample preparation method based on the application of hydrophobic 1-Hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [Hpy][PF6] ionic liquid (IL) as a microextraction solvent was proposed to preconcentrate amphetamine . In this work, nanoparticles of lithium was applied to increase the extraction efficiency. [Hpy][PF6] was employed as the microextraction solvent due to some physicochemical properties like high hydrophobicity, water immiscibility and quite viscosity. The performance of the microextraction method was improved by introducing a common ion of pyridinium IL into the sample solution. Due to the presence of the common ion, the solubility of IL significantly decreased. As a result, the phase separation successfully occurred even at high ionic strength, and the volume of the settled IL-phase was not influenced by variations in the ionic strength (up to 30% w/v). After preconcentration step, the enriched phase was introduced to the spectrofluorimeter for the determination of Amphetamine. The obtained results revealed that this system did not suffer from the limitations of that in conventional ionic-liquid microextraction. Under optimum experimental conditions, the proposed method provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.027 μg L-1 and a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 2.4%. The present method was successfully applied to Amphetamine determination in actual pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. Considering the large variety of ionic liquids, the proposed microextraction method earns many merits, and will present a wide application in the future.

Selective determination of amphetamine in pharmaceutical samples by nano lithium particles assisted ionic-liquid microextraction Keywords:

Ionic liquid , Amphetamine , Spectrofluorimeter , Pharmaceutical formulations , Biological samples