Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Transmission, Prevention, Vaccination, and Practical Recommendations

Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major public health problem in the world, particularly in Iranand other Asian countries. This research aimed to achieve the goal of the World Health Organization which is theelimination of HBV as a serious health threat. To do this, the researcher provided a detailed analysis of HBVpatients, HBV transmission routes, and prevention. After clinical observations, a set of practical and usefulrecommendations were prepared to prevent hepatitis B as well as its early treatment. Among adults, HBV ismostly transmitted by percutaneous exposure to blood, sexual and interpersonal contact, and mother-to-childtransmission (MTCT). In Iran, the main transmission routes of chronic HBV infection are via blood, intravenousinjection by drug users, and MTCT. In addition, HBV can be transmitted through open injuries and sores, such asearring holes, different tattoos, piercings, and the sharing of toothbrushes, shavers, or dental instruments.Moreover, results revealed that the most efficient method for prevention is vaccination and antiviral therapyduring pregnancy. The present study also provides several useful recommendations. Firstly, vaccination of adultsat greatest risk for HBV infection, including settings in which a high proportion, have risk factors for HBVinfection. Secondly, providing the necessary information, including common routes of transmission for HBVinfection, to the public. Thirdly, testing and checking all pregnant women for HBsAg, and administration of HepBvaccine and postvaccination serologic test for all infants born to HBV-infected mothers within ۱۲ hours of birth.Fourthly, the vaccination of all health providers against HBV. Fifthly, testing for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBcare recommended for infants born in countries of high HBV endemicity and donors of blood, plasma, andsemen.

Keywords:

hepatitis B virus , mother-to-child transmission , open injuries