Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain. Astrocytes have a special highly ramified structure. The adjacent astrocytes rarely overlap and communicate with each other through gap junction channels. The ideal location of astrocytes enables them to sense the weak changes in their surroundings and provide the structural basis for the energy supply of neurons. Astrocytes have many critical functions including maintaining neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, eliminating oxidative stress, storing energy, tissue repair, regulating synaptic activity, and participating in synapse formation. Astrocytes interact metabolically with neurons through the "lactate shuttle". astrocytes provide lactate to neurons which is used as energy. Glycogen stored in astrocytes also helps provide energy to support neuronal function. Astrocytes synthesize cholesterol, fatty acids, and amino acids like glutamine which are important for neurotransmitter production and function.In aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and ALS, alterations in astrocyte metabolism contribute to neuronal dysfunction. This includes reduced energy metabolism, impaired glutamate regulation, neuroinflammation, and reduced neuron support. The latest development of single cell transcripastrocytes will undergo significant morphological and molecular tomics has led to the identification of five astrocyte subsets phenotypic changes, among which the most extensive features are in the mouse nervous system, showing various forms and functions. Cell hypertrophy and the upregulation of intermediate filament pro-AST۱ are defined as the high expression of Gfap and Agt, and AST۲ is in GFAP. Slc۱a۳. AD and most other forms of brain injury and low expression of Unc۱۳c and Gfap.Although the reactive astrocytes have high expression levels of Frzb, Ascl۱, and Slc۱a۳. Fam۱۰۷a and not as deeply studied as other major cell types in the brain, neu-Slc۱a۳. Targeting the metabolic pathways in astrocytes related to energy production, neurotransmitter synthesis, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms may be In summary, the article highlights the critical metabolic roles of astrocytes in supporting neuronal health and how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration. Restoring normal astrocyte metabolic function could be a strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders.