On Modeling for Prediction of the Effects of Carbon-Monoxide on Humans Operating under Continuous and Periodic Exposures

The advancements in technological innovations and the utilizations of some technological products or research outcomes have adversely affected the environment and in consequence, continuously pose serious threats to future survival of humans. To counter these assaults of the resultant environmental pollution and the threats of further degradation of the environment, the basic recommended approach for predicting the impact of the pollution and for the determination of the risk assessment strategies is through the use of mathematical models. In the list of various pollutants, carbon monoxide has been established as a major pollutant that seriously affects human health by converting the Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) in the blood to carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Therefore, this paper presents mathematical models for the computations of carbon-monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin in the blood for the cases of humans under environmental and occupational exposures i.e. operating under continuous and periodic exposures to the pollutant. The developed models are solved analytically using Laplace transforms. The computed results show good agreement with the established experimental results. Using the percentage of COHb in the blood as a good index of health effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on humans, the computed COHb from the developed models is used to predict the effects of CO on human health. On the validation of the developed models, the computed results show good agreement with experimental results. Also, effects of the models parameters on the amount of COHb in the blood. This work will assist in evaluating the technological injuries, effectively controlling our pollutants emissions and also as a tool for designing and developing better equipment and engines with lower or zero emissions.