The Effect of Resource Allocation Decisions on Efficiency and Equity in the Health Sector: A Systematic Review

Background: The ultimate goal of health systems is creating a healthy community through theefficient and equitable provision of health services. The proportion of equity and efficiency ofhealth systems indicates the quality of their practice. This systematic review aims to seek evidencethat show any effect of resource allocation decisions on efficiency and equity in health worldwide.Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, ProQuest, and EBSCOHOST weresearched from 1992 to 2014. Based on the inclusion criteria, 527 papers were identified, of which11 were assessed and analyzed.Results: The 11 included studies have been conducted in different countries including USA, NorthAfrica, Greece, China, Australia, Taiwan, and South Africa. The main methods for resourceallocation included: linear programming, Markov model, cost-effectiveness analysis, per capitaresource allocation, modelling the resource allocation.Conclusion: Linear and mathematical programming methods, and economic models such asMarkov models can lead to equity and efficiency to some extent. These models take into accountthe details of treatment methods, the population under treatment, and costs of health services.

Keywords:

Efficiency , Health Equity , Health System , Resource Allocation , Systematic Review