An Introduction to Functionally graded materials ManufacturingProcesses and its Applications

Functionally graded materials (FGM) are the basis of modern material research with importantapplications in various aspects such as defense, energy, aerospace, and medicine. Numerous materialsand methods are used to manufacture FGM. However, for some applications, the cost ofmanufacturing these materials is very high. One of the most widely used methods for producing FGMis powder metallurgy. Since, this process can be utilized to manufacture parts from simple to complexgeometries at a lower cost than other processes. FGM manufacturing methods can be categorizedaccording to their physical condition (gas, liquid, solid). In addition, each of these methods has itsown unique uses and characteristics. This article briefly describes the most important and commonlyused of these methods, and ends with a general summary and a comparison of their applications.

Keywords:

Functionally Graded Material , Composite Structure , Powder Metallurgy , Solidification.