Sustainable closed-loop steel supply chain network design

The supply chain network design of fundamental metals such as steel is essential because of the increasing demand due to the expansion and development of industries and the necessity to reduce the various costs of the supply chain. On the other hand, the increase of environmental pollutants and the use of energy and resources such as electricity, water, and gas in the processes of mining and production of metals by reduction of the purity of mines due to excessive extractions is a global problem. Therefore, a sustainable steel supply chain and its reverse logistics is a high priority for international organizations and economic enterprises. Accordingly, a multi-objective, multi-product model is developed to design a sustainable steel supply chain network. Due to the conflict between objective functions, the improved augmented -constraint method (AUGMECON۲) was applied.

Keywords:

Sustainable supply chain , Closed-loop supply chain , Reverse logistics , Steel industry , Improved augmented -constraint.