Techniques for fabrication and construction of three-dimensional biomaterials for vascular tissue

Vascular tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that aims to create functional blood vessels for various clinical applications, such as bypass grafting, hemodialysis access, and tissue regeneration. Vascular tissue engineering involves the use of different fabrication methods to generate scaffolds that can support the growth and differentiation of vascular cells, such as endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Among the fabrication methods, electrospinning, casting, molding, ۳D printing, braiding, and laser degradation have been widely explored for their advantages and limitations. This review paper provides an overview of these fabrication methods and their applications in vascular tissue engineering, as well as the current challenges and future directions of this field.

Keywords:

Vascular tissue engineering , Electrospinning , ۳D printing , Cardiovascular diseases , Laser degradation