A review of the applications and challenges of designing targeted liposomes

Many of the pharmaceutical and bioactive compounds coated inside, despite theappropriate effectiveness in laboratory conditions, lack the necessary ability toreach their target place inside the body. As a result, targeted delivery has becomea major focus in food and pharmaceutical sciences and is an emerging anddeveloping research area. In 1995, liposome was introduced as a leadingnanoparticle in the targeted delivery of such compounds, and since then, due toits unique properties, non-toxicity, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, highadaptability, and encapsulation ability of hydrophilic and hydrophobiccompounds, and appropriate effectiveness have found many applications becausetheir formulations are made of materials that are naturally present in biologicalmembranes. Today, there are many different techniques for targeting liposomesto tissues, cells or intracellular organelles that can be used depending on theirapplication. The aim of this review is to study the active (antibodies, peptides,folate, and aptamers), passive (EPR effect and PEGylation), and external cues (pHand temperature sensitive) techniques as available strategies for the constructionof targeted liposomes and highlights the challenges of their development for thetreatment of diseases or the production of functional foods with controlled releaseof encapsulated compounds at target sites.

A review of the applications and challenges of designing targeted liposomes Keywords:

Lipid nanoparticles , delivery , active , passive , external cues.