Extraction and Purification Technology for Bioactive Peptide fromMicroalgae

In recent years, researchers have focused on functional ingredients, functional foods, andnutraceuticals due to the rapidly increasing interest in bioactive components, especially in bioactivepeptides. Microalgae proteins are a rich and balanced source of amino acids and their derived bioactivepeptides, which possess biological and physiological properties.Bioactive peptides are specific peptide motifs of ۲–۲۰ amino acids embedded in parent proteins thatpossess the ability to alter or influence metabolic activities in the human body because of their particularfragments in proteins. Bioactive peptides offer several biological functionalities such as free radicals’inhibition, thrombosis inhibition, and immunity improvement. There are two main methods of bioactivepeptides production by microbial fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins. A wide range ofbioactive peptides can be produced using different cleavage specificities of the proteolytic enzymes.Usually, bioactive peptides consist of less than ۲۰ amino acids and ۱۰ kDa molecular weight. Theirfunctionalities also depend upon the sequence of amino acids, their compositions, and molecularweights. Microalgae proteins contain several peptides that exert strong biological properties and arewidely studied as a source of bioactive peptides. Many studies have reported the availability of bioactivepeptides in Microalgae, this review also describes various manufacturing techniques for microalgaebioactive peptides using organic synthesis, microwave assisted extraction, chemical hydrolysis, andenzymes hydrolysis. Finally, purification of marine bioactive peptides is described, including gel or sizeexclusion chromatography, ion-exchange column chromatography, and reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography, which are aimed at finding a fast, simple, and effective method toobtain the target peptides.

Keywords:

bioactive peptide , microalgae , hydrolysates , protein extraction , functional foods , Purification , Enzymatic hydrolysis ,