Improvement learning and memory by stabilized glutamate transporter protein

Astaxanthin (AXT) is a carotenoid with multiple health benefits. It is currently marketed as a health supplement and is well known for its antioxidant capacity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of AXT against sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress in astrocyte cells. Sodium fluoride significantly decreased MTT levels in a concentration-dependent manner. ATX didn‟t exhibit any cytotoxic effects on astrocyte cells. Pretreatment with ATX decreased intracellular ROS production in the sodium fluoride group. The activities of enzymatic, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nonenzymatic, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the astrocyte cells were measured to assess the oxidative stress. Also Glutamate transporter (GLT1) protein expression was detected using western blot. Sodium Fluoride significantly increased brain MDA compared with control group, while GSH levels were decreased in sodium fluoride groups, accompanied by the markedly reduced SOD and CAT activity. AXT treatment caused brain MDA to decrease but caused SOD, GSH, and CAT activities to increase to significant levels in F-treated groups. GLT1 protein expression significantly increased in AXT treated cells. These data indicate that AXT decreased stress oxidative and improved learning and memory in sodium fluoride treated cells by stabilizing glutamate transporter protein in cell membrane.

Keywords:

Astaxanthin , Fluoride toxicity , Antioxidant , Oxidative stress